Everything about Galilean totally explained
Galileans (or
Galilæans) were members of a fanatical sect (
Zealots), followers of
Judas of Galilee, who fiercely resented the taxation of the
Romans, and whose violence contributed to induce the latter to vow the extermination of the whole race.
More generically, a Galilean is an inhabitant of
Galilee.
Galilean, as an adjective, describes some aspects of
mathematics or
astronomy associated with
Galileo: see for example
Galilean moons and
Galilean transformation.
When the United Kingdom was divided during the reign of Rehoboam, Galilee became a part of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. The Southern Kingdom was Judah, which continued to be ruled by the descendants of David. The Northern Kingdom, under Jeroboam and subsequent ungodly kings, turned to false worship. Israel didn't do much better, although some of her kings were godly men. When both kingdoms became corrupt, God began to warn of a coming day of judgment, a day when God would use the Assyrians as His instrument of judgment, carrying the people of the Northern Kingdom into captivity. The Assyrians would threaten Judah and Jerusalem but wouldn't succeed in sacking that city.
Galilee wasn't considered a place of status. As Frederick Bruner put it,
Galilee is a strange place for a Messiah to work. There is no early rabbinic reference to the Messiah’s appearing or working in Galilee. Galilee wasn't just geographically far from Jerusalem; it was considered spiritually and politically far, too. Galilee was the most pagan of the Jewish provinces, located as it was at the northernmost tier of Palestine. This distance from Zion wasn't only geographic; Galileans were considered by Judaeans to sit rather loosely to the law and to be less biblically pure than those in or near Jerusalem. Finally, Galilee was notorious for being the nest of revolution and the haunt of Zealot revolutionary movements. Just a few years before Jesus’ birth, Sephoris, capital city of Galilee, had been led in revolt by Judas of Galilee against the Roman government and had brought Galilee into defeat and many of the people of God into shame.
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